大型工程化与 APIRouter
在大型工程中，我们需要通过 APIRouter 模块化组织路由、pydantic-settings 统一管理环境配置以及 pytest + TestClient / httpx.AsyncClient 进行自动化测试。
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APIRouter 模块化路由
1. 子模块路由定义 (app/api/v1/endpoints/users.py)
from fastapi import APIRouter
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
router = APIRouter()
class UserSchema(BaseModel):
username: str
email: EmailStr
@router.get("/", response_model=list[UserSchema])
async def list_users():
return [{"username": "alice", "email": "alice@example.com"}]2. 路由聚合分发 (app/api/v1/api.py)
from fastapi import APIRouter
from .endpoints import users
api_router = APIRouter()
api_router.include_router(users.router, prefix="/users", tags=["用户模块"])3. 主入口挂载 (main.py)
from fastapi import FastAPI
from app.api.v1.api import api_router
app = FastAPI(title="大型工程项目")
app.include_router(api_router, prefix="/api/v1")现代化配置管理 (pydantic-settings)
from functools import lru_cache
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
class Settings(BaseSettings):
PROJECT_NAME: str = "FastAPI AI Platform"
ENV: str = "development"
DATABASE_URL: str = "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost:5432/dbname"
OPENAI_API_KEY: str = ""
model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file=".env", case_sensitive=True)
@lru_cache
def get_settings() -> Settings:
return Settings()
settings = get_settings()自动化测试 (Testing with Pytest & TestClient)
FastAPI 官方推荐使用 TestClient（基于 HTTPX / Starlette）进行同步与异步接口测试：
pip install pytest pytest-asyncio httpx编写测试用例 (tests/test_api.py)
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from httpx import AsyncClient, ASGITransport
from main import app
# 1. 经典同步测试 TestClient
def test_read_main():
client = TestClient(app)
response = client.get("/api/v1/users/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert isinstance(response.json(), list)
# 2. 异步测试 AsyncClient
@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_async_main():
transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as ac:
response = await ac.get("/api/v1/users/")
assert response.status_code == 200最后更新于